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Scientific and educational basics in physical culture and sports

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No 2 (2021)
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THEORY AND METHODOLOGY OF PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORTS

10-15 491
Abstract

Relevance. Nordic walking has now become very popular all over the world as an additional physical activity. The homeland of walking with sticks is Fin-land, then Scandinavian walking has become widespread all over the world, as well as in Russia. At the state level, Skan-dinav walking was recognized in the Russian Federation in 2010 with the opening of the Russian National Association of Scandinavian Walking (RNBA).

Purpose. To study the history and identify the prospects for the development of Scandinavian walking.

Methodology and organization of the research. The works of foreign and domestic researchers have been analyzed, including the experience of implementation in Ur-FU. In the Russian Federation, "Northern Walking" was included in the sport "sportive tourism" on March 14, 2019, which significantly expands the possibilities of this type of motor activity.

The results of the research. At the Institute of Physical Culture, Sports and Youth Policy of the Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Scandinavian walking is included in the curriculum, as well as the development of a scientific and methodological component for this sport is actively underway.

Conclusions. The prospects for the development of Scandinavian walking as a separate discipline in the Institute of Physical Culture, Sports and Youth Policy of the Ural Federal University are revealed. Widespread use as a type of physical activity of the population also opens up broad prospects for development as a method of recovery.

16-21 690
Abstract

Relevance. The age period of 13-14 years is characterized by the fact that there are prerequisites for the development of both aerobic and anaerobic energy supply pathways. At the same time, active restructuring of the central nervous system makes it possible to effectively correct the development of coordination abilities. The special endurance of ski racers is determined by the ability to maintain a high rate of movement and the ability to rebuild high-speed movement parameters.

Purpose. Increasing the level of special endurance among ski racers aged 13-14.

Methodology and organization of the research. The content of the pedagogical experiment is the use in the experimental group of a specially selected set of exercises aimed at developing coordination, strength endurance, psychological stability, improving techniques and tactics of movement on skis. The pedagogical experiment was conducted directly during the training sessions.

The results of the research. We have developed a methodology for developing endurance among ski racers at the stage of sports specialization, based on the inclusion of exercises for the development of speed and power endurance in the training program.

Conclusions. An increase in the results of the athletes of the experimental group was observed in all tests compared with the control group. Thus, it can be argued that the methodology we have developed for the development of special endurance is effective for use in the training process of ski racers at the stage of sports specialization.

MATHEMATICAL AND NATURAL-SCIENTIFIC ASPECTS OF PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORTS

23-27 209
Abstract

Relevance. Today, physical inactivity is considered a social disease, along with dependence on gadgets, computer games, etc. At school age, physical inactivity is usually associated with an irrational daily routine, with an overload of study. Inactivity leads to functional changes in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Since the adolescent's body is just completing its formation, the impact of any negative factor on it will be expressed to a greater extent than on the adult's body.

Purpose. Determination of ways to reduce the negative impact of the academic load on health and maintain a high level of performance in computer science lessons for students of the College of Physical Culture.

Methodology and organization of the research. Before starting our study, we identified the main factors of negative impact on the body. Given the specifics of our educational institution, I have the opportunity to entrust the conduct of physical workouts to the students themselves. At the very beginning of our computer science and ICT classes, they receive a task: to prepare and work out two sets of physical exercises. One is for unloading the musculoskeletal system, the other is for the eyes, since the main load from the organs of the senses when working at a computer comes to the eyes.

The results of the research. In our research, we identified the main factors of inactivity due to increased academic load, as well as ways to neutralize them within the framework of hygienic gymnastics classes during physical education.

Conclusions. Independent work of students of the physical culture college on the choice of the content of the physical culture period allows not only to bring them closer to their future professional activity, but also to foster consciousness and a conscious attitude to their own health.

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORTS

29-33 301
Abstract

Relevance. This article is devoted to the history of the emergence and formation of cheerleading as a separate sport. This sport is aimed at comprehensive physical, intellectual and spiritual development and contributes to the improvement of motor and moral-volitional qualities.

Purpose. Analysis of the current state of the "cheer dispute". Special attention was paid to the historical aspect of the development of this sport and the analysis of it as popular among students.

Methodology and organization of the research. In the course of our research, the main method was the analysis of documentary sources, as well as conversations with representatives of this sport.

The results of the research. Cheerleading originated in the USA in the 1870s and became most widespread by the middle of the XX century. In the student life of the 1860s, encouraging athletes during competitions became popular, and soon it spread as a separate sport. As a result of the conducted research, a significant increase in the number of people engaged in this sport is shown. There is also data on the doubling of the number of national national teams over 10 years of international competitions in cheer sports. A comparative analysis of cheerleading and competitive gymnast was conducted, their similarities and differences were indicated.

Conclusions. Cheerleading is a sport that includes elements of gymnastics and acrobatics, building pyramids. For stronger motivation, it is necessary to develop this sport, scale up competitions.

34-41 187
Abstract

Relevance. Additional professional education, focused on the implementation of professional standards, will reach a new level. DPO involves purposeful work with students and employers, ensuring the continuity of educational and professional standards.

Purpose. To determine the features of additional professional education in terms of content and organization of the learning process.

Methodology and organization of the research. In the context of the realization of the concept of lifelong learning, the practice-oriented activity of students becomes relevant.

The results of the research. Procedural knowledge allows us to take into account the specifics of the professional activities of SFKiS specialists, systematize their knowledge, skills and already acquired experience, and project a holistic view of the prospects of self-realization in the profession.

Conclusions. Constant work on oneself within the framework of the collection program provides the subject with dynamism in cognition and a strategic perspective in mastering the profession and self-realization in professional activity. Following the concept of teaching throughout life (but no longer blindly!) gives confidence in professional compliance during the transition from one professional activity to another in the FKiS industry.

MEDICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL ASPECTS OF PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORTS

43-48 215
Abstract

Relevance. Physical education and sports are an important factor for the social rehabilitation of children with Down syndrome. The foundations of a healthy lifestyle are formed, first of all, in the family.

Purpose. To assess the prospects for the development of the rehabilitation system for children with Down syndrome by involving parent communities in the infrastructure of the rehabilitation process.

Methodology and organization of the research. The role of the family and parent communities in creating effective and accessible conditions for adaptive physical education and sports for children with Down syndrome in the Vladimir region is considered.

The results of the research. There are three organizations in the region that provide support to people with Down syndrome. At the same time, the activity of the parents themselves, who are not teachers or board members of NGOs, is extremely low. We believe that the promotion of adaptive sport in Russia should be supported at all levels of government, and not only by public organizations, whose leaders are often the parents themselves.

Conclusions. The role of the family in the development of motor skills remains an urgent issue in relation to a child with disabilities. Parents face the problem of lack of information, lack of specialists, overprotection. They need to be prepared for this by creating special programs.

49-55 186
Abstract

Relevance. Vertebroneurological disorders are the most common chronic diseases. Lumbar osteochondrosis is one of the most common diseases of the peripheral nervous system, has a tendency to relapses, often causing temporary disability. At the present stage of the development of medicine, physical therapy occupies a prominent place in the process of rehabilitation with diseases of the musculoskeletal system.

Purpose. Improvement of the functional state of the musculoskeletal system and cardiovascular system in 55-60-year-old women with lumbar spine hernias.

Methodology and organization of the research. There were 7 women under observation, aged 55-60 years with a diagnosis of "hernia of the lumbar spine", at the polyclinic stage. According to the previous examination, all patients had characteristic complaints of intermittent pain syndrome of moderate and weak intensity. There were also complaints of rapid fatigue.

The results of the research. The study of the general condition of the patients by means of the Roland-Morris questionnaire indicated the existing disorders of the patients' vital activity (11.6 points). When comparing repeated results, a decrease in the level of violations to 6.3 points was reliably noted.

Conclusions. Comparison of these functional samples showed reliable dynamics of the results.

PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL ASPECTS OF PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORTS

57-61 250
Abstract

Relevance. Passing the unified state exam in the Russian language is the first really important test of the effectiveness of students' knowledge under the strict guidance of a teacher. Having considered many different methodological manuals, books, magazines on preparation for the Unified State Exam, I came to the conclusion that each teacher builds his own methodology for organizing preparation for the exam.

Purpose. To increase the efficiency of preparation for the Russian language exam for 1st-year students of a physical education college.

Methodology and organization of the research. Analysis of the test results within the framework of the Unified State Exam tasks showed the most problematic areas in the development of the secondary general education program in the Russian language. Next, we have analyzed the main tasks of writing an essay, the features of this genre of writing, as well as the purpose of its use in teaching the Russian language. After that, work was carried out with the students aimed at eliminating the identified errors and clarifying the features of the essay-reasoning as a genre of written work.

The results of the research. For half a year, I conducted a study in which I identified the benefits of writing a reasoning essay for 1st-year students who study at the College of Physical Culture in the direction of "Skiing". When writing the first essay of judgment on a free topic, students identified certain types of errors.

Conclusions. Solving training tasks, analyzing tasks that cause difficulties in solving - this is the right way to successful completion and good scores. The test tasks are selected in accordance with the sections of the Russian language. Each student had an improved dynamic of writing the reasoning, at least in one of the points.

62-68 488
Abstract

Relevance. The article emphasizes the relevance of the study of emotional burnout in students. It is noted that in student-athletes it is due to the heterochronous onset of the stages of professional activity and professional training. The similarity of the third stage of burnout and addictive behavior is highlighted. The question is raised about the relationship between academic emotional burnout and addictions of various kinds.

Purpose. To identify the relationship of academic emotional burnout with various types of addictions in students studying in the direction of "Physical Culture".

Methodology and organization of the research. The data of an experimental study are presented, which included the study of two groups of student-athletes: full-time students, the average age is 19 years, and part-time students, the average age is 34 years.

The results of the research. It was found that both groups have high burnout rates. Due to their age, young athletes prefer non-physical addictions, such as gaming and spending time on social networks.

Conclusions. In the adult group, attempts to cope with burnout were more associated with chemical addictions and workaholism. With the help of statistical methods, the connection between emotional burnout in student-athletes and a tendency to addictive behavior has been proved.



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ISSN 2782-3245 (Online)